PANA Academy Past Question Hints and Solutions - Electronics Set

License Preparation NepalNEC ELECTRONICS

PANA Academy Past Question Hints and Solutions - Electronics Set

Full marks: 50 · Questions: 50

01Question bank

Shadow mask technique is used by:

LCD displays

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) displays

OLED screens

Plasma TVs

02Question bank

E-MOSFET drain current in saturation (ignore channel-length modulation):

Id = (1/2) µn Cox (W/L) (VGS - VTH)^2

Id = K VDS (VGS - VTH) - (1/2) K VDS^2

Id = VGS / RDS

Id = β (VGS - VTH) VDS

03Question bank

Typical geographic scope of a LAN:

Up to 100 meters

Up to 1 km

Up to 10 km

Unlimited

04Question bank

NEC Code of Conduct falls under which clause and section?

Clause 4, Section 2

Clause 3, Section 1

Clause 5, Section 3

Clause 2, Section 4

05Question bank

In TCP, what synchronizes sender/receiver when their data rates differ?

Error control

Sliding window protocol

Congestion control

Sequence numbering

06Question bank

Output of a bridge rectifier for a 50 Hz AC input:

50 Hz DC

100 Hz pulsating DC

25 Hz AC

Pure 50 Hz DC

07Question bank

What does a left shift do (binary, unsigned)?

Divides by 2

Multiplies by 2

Inverts bits

Adds 1

08Question bank

Primary use of a flip-flop:

Arithmetic addition

Temporary storage of 1 bit (memory element)

Signal amplification

Frequency modulation

09Question bank

Which search method expands the node estimated closest to the goal?

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Greedy Best-First Search

A* Search

10Question bank

In OOAD, which method explicitly defines macro- and micro-development processes?

Booch method

Objectory process

Spiral model

Waterfall model

11Question bank

Floating-point multiplication rule:

Add exponents, multiply mantissas

Subtract exponents, add mantissas

Multiply exponents, add mantissas

Add exponents, add mantissas

12Question bank

Given: class A {}; class B : public A {}; class C : public B {}; Type of inheritance?

Multiple inheritance

Multilevel inheritance

Hierarchical inheritance

Hybrid inheritance

13Question bank

In C, how do you access a structure member (non-pointer variable)?

Using arrow operator (->)

Using dot operator (.)

Using colon (:)

Using semicolon (;)

14Question bank

Which test is considered an extension "beyond" the Turing Test?

Lovelace test

Total Turing Test (includes perception/action)

Winograd Schema Challenge

Coffee test

15Question bank

The type of PDA with at most one move for any given configuration:

Non-deterministic PDA

Deterministic PDA (DPDA)

Context-free PDA

PDA with epsilon moves

16Question bank

RSA numerical: p=5, q=11, e=3, message M=9. Find C and d (and decrypt).

C = 14 (mod 55); d = 27; decryption recovers M = 9

C = 9 (mod 55); d = 3; decryption M = 5

C = 55 (mod 11); d = 9; decryption M = 14

C = 3 (mod 5); d = 11; decryption M = 27

17Question bank

Sorting pseudo: for i=0..n-1: for j=i+1..n-1: if arr[j] < arr[i] swap(arr[i], arr[j]) Identify the sort:

Bubble sort

Selection sort

Insertion sort

Quick sort

18Question bank

Three 2 Ω resistors in a delta (triangle). Equivalent between any two terminals:

1 Ω

1.333 Ω (4/3 Ω)

2 Ω

6 Ω

19Question bank

What is the minimum number of license examinations that the Nepal Engineering Council (NEC) must conduct in a year?

20Question bank

According to the Nepal Engineering Council (NEC) Act, 2055, what is the minimum number of female members required in the council?

21Question bank

Distance vector routing is based on:

Link-state updates

Bellman-Ford algorithm (hop count)

Shortest path first

OSPF protocol

22Question bank

In which OSI layer is data segmentation performed?

Network layer

Transport layer

Data Link layer

Application layer

23Question bank

Full form of AAU in microprocessor:

Adaptive Antenna Unit

Active Antenna Unit

American Agricultural University

Advanced Arithmetic Unit

24Question bank

In control-system terms, the human hand acts as a(n):

Sensor

Controller

Actuator

Processor

25Question bank

Which option represents a top-down parsing strategy used in compilers?

Top-down parsing

Bottom-up parsing

Left-to-right parsing

Right-to-left parsing

26Question bank

Basic classification of memory/storage:

Volatile (RAM) and Non-volatile (ROM/Flash)

Primary and Secondary

Cache and Register

Optical and Magnetic

27Question bank

Typical NLP processing pipeline:

Tokenization → POS Tagging → Parsing → Semantic Analysis

Parsing → Tokenization → Chunking → NER

Semantic Analysis → Tokenization → Sentiment Analysis

Chunking → POS Tagging → Tokenization → Coreference

28Question bank

Which logic gate is often used to detect overflow/parity?

AND

XOR

NAND

29Question bank

Which array represents a min-heap (1-based index; parent ≤ children)?

[2, 1, 3, 4]

[1, 3, 2, 4]

[3, 1, 2, 4]

[2, 3, 4, 1]

30Question bank

IEEE standard for Ethernet:

802.11

802.3

802.15

802.16

31Question bank

The concept of pipelining in computer architecture is also known as:

Multitasking

Parallel processing

Assembly line operation

Caching

32Question bank

MOSFET saturation current (enhancement NMOS; ignore λ):

Id = K (VGS - VT)^2, with K = (1/2) µn Cox (W/L)

Id = K VDS (VGS - VT) - (1/2) K VDS^2

Id = K VGS

Id = 0

33Question bank

Typical radius of a microcell:

10-50 km

1-30 km

0.1-1 km

10-100 m

34Question bank

For unsigned x, x << 3 is equivalent to:

x × 8

x ÷ 8

x + 3

x - 3

35Question bank

Which is NOT a typical function of registers/counters?

Data storage

Data transfer

Counting

Addition of two numbers

36Question bank

Greedy best-first search selects the next node based on:

f(n) = g(n) + h(n)

g(n) only

h(n) only

Depth of node

37Question bank

Floating-point multiplication sequence:

Add exponents, multiply mantissas, normalize and round

Multiply exponents, add mantissas, normalize and round

Add exponents, add mantissas, normalize and round

Multiply exponents, then subtract exponents

38Question bank

Which automaton recognizes context-free languages?

Finite automaton

Pushdown automaton

Linear bounded automaton

Turing machine

39Question bank

Which 3-phase connection provides a neutral for single-phase loads?

Delta (Δ)

Open-delta

Star (Y) with grounded neutral

Delta with center-tap

40Question bank

Balanced delta (each side 3 Ω) to equivalent star branch resistance:

9 Ω

3 Ω

1 Ω

0.33 Ω

41Question bank

Equivalent of 1 Ω in parallel with 3 Ω:

1.5 Ω

0.75 Ω

0.33 Ω

4 Ω

42Question bank

The path metric used by RIP:

Bandwidth

Delay

Hop count

Reliability

43Question bank

In RIP, hop count ≥ 16 indicates:

Optimal

Unreachable

Preferred

Temporarily down

44Question bank

End-to-end reliability and segmentation are functions of the:

Data Link layer

Network layer

Transport layer

Session layer

45Question bank

The Address Generation Unit (AGU) in a CPU:

Performs floating-point arithmetic

Computes effective memory addresses

Decodes instructions

Schedules instructions

46Question bank

I2C uses how many signal wires?

47Question bank

Network categories by scope. Which order shows increasing geographic scope?

PAN < LAN < MAN < WAN

LAN < PAN < MAN < WAN

PAN < WAN < LAN < MAN

LAN < MAN < WAN < PAN

48Question bank

NLP processing order. Correct order of language analysis:

Pragmatic → Semantic → Syntactic → Lexical

Lexical → Syntactic → Semantic → Pragmatic

Syntactic → Pragmatic → Semantic → Lexical

Semantic → Lexical → Syntactic → Pragmatic

49Question bank

Min-heap property. Which statement is true for a min-heap?

Root has the maximum key

It is a complete binary tree and every parent ≤ its children

It is a full binary tree

In-order traversal gives a sorted list

50Question bank

Pipelining in computer architecture is also called:

Parallel processing

Instruction overlapping

Multiprocessing

Instruction chaining